The warrior becomes peacemaker. Shab-en-nay, a father now. A diplomat, courageous.
He becomes Chief of the Potawatomi, uniting the Three Fires Nation, the Odawa, the Potawatomi, the Chippewa.
I hear children
crying.
Alone.
1819. The United States government passes The Civilization Fund Act and falsely calls Native people “savages,” “inferior.”
While Chief Shab-en-nay works to bring peace between Native peoples and White settlers, the United States government
kidnaps
Native children
from their
families
and
forces them
into what they call “boarding schools.” More than 526 sites across 37 states.
Native children, forced to forget their cultures.
1830. the Indian Removal Act. European colonialists and settlers, in uniforms, steal ancient lands from Native tribes.
Indigenous communities resist through legal challenges, armed conflicts, peacemaking.
Tribal leaders meet with government officials.
But federal and state governments push ahead, calling theft “expansion.” Through treaties, they promise to return stolen lands. But more than 200 treaties broken.
1859. Chief Shab-en-nay travels beyond state lines, to visit his displaced family. The State of Illinois steals Shab-en-nay’s lands.
Shab-en-nay is forced to wander for seven years. He sleeps outside, wearing the clothing of his people.
“Manifest Destiny,” the European settlers call it. Indigenous lands, they believe, are theirs to own. They pass more laws, force tribes from their homes.
Shab-en-nay's family, with so many others. Driven from Illinois. Forced to march without rest.
Violence.
Sickness. Loss. Grief.
Trails of tears are trails of death.
Tens of thousands of Native peoples exiled. Thousands murdered.
I remember.
Native children remain confined in those “schools” for generations. Forced labor. Loneliness. Fear. Different violence, yet the same intention. Federal and state governments seek the erasure of Indigenous peoples.
Many Indigenous parents refuse removal. They keep their children close. But the government cuts off their food. Kidnappings continue for 156 years.